中国制躁Wade in China

工商业和农业收归公有

Evidence见载1 sourced fact

1953年中央端出了“过渡时期总路线”,当初答应跟资本家和农民长期共存的话,统统不算数了。自耕农刚分到手还没暖热的土地,被一步步收进合作社;城里的小作坊和老字号,也被大踏步赶进公私合营。中国人靠自己双手赚私产的时代,就此宣告散场。

Archive plate 01 / 04
23 July 1952 · Guangdong Province
A village landowner bound on his knees before armed peasant militia and assembled villagers during a public land reform struggle tribunal.
Rural Struggle Session During Land Reform

A village landowner bound on his knees before armed peasant militia and assembled villagers during a public land reform struggle tribunal.

Under the June 1950 Agrarian Reform Law, work teams dispatched to hundreds of thousands of villages classified every rural household by class status and organized face-to-face struggle meetings (douzhenghui) to confiscate land and shatter the traditional rural gentry through public violence.

Photographed23 July 1952 · Guangdong Province
Lane & span经济与日常 · 1953 to 1956
ArchiveU.S. National Archives (NARA)

事件

  1. 011953年党提出总路线,把农业、手工业和私立商铺有计划地收归国家统一管辖。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及其后》(自由出版社,1999),第九章“农业集体化(1953-1957)”.

    见载
  2. 02农村办起初级社,农民把土地、耕牛折价入股,刚当了几天的自耕农又交出了土地。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及其后》(自由出版社,1999),第九章“农业集体化(1953-1957)”.

    见载
  3. 03待考证: a source that says this: In November 1953, the state imposed the unified purchase and marketing system for grain, establishing a state monopoly over agricultural output and fixing low grain prices.

    待考
  4. 04城里私营商铺全面搞公私合营,实际大权彻底落到派驻的党支部手里。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及其后》(自由出版社,1999),第九章“农业集体化(1953-1957)”.

    见载
  5. 05待考证: a source that says this: Unified procurement enabled the state to drain agricultural surplus to finance capital-intensive heavy industrial construction in cities.

    待考

亲历

这件事落到每个人头上,是什么样子:听他们自己说,或看留下的记录。

这件事还没找到一位亲历者的记述。每件事都会有。

性质

判断

过渡时期总路线的实质,是国家把老百姓手里所有的资产全收归公有。毛泽东容不得私人存一分钱积蓄,他要把全国的人财物全塞进国家计划的格子里。工厂和农田虽然都姓了公,但没有了私产保护,劳动效率大跌,往后几十年吃不饱饭的苦日子,就是从这时候落下的病根。

依据

1953年党公布过渡时期总路线,把农业和私营工商业全部收归公有。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及其后》(自由出版社,1999),第九章“农业集体化(1953-1957)”. 章级引注,页码待核。查阅原文 ↗ · 核阅于 9 October 2026 · 收录于 10 October 2026

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