庐山会议
1959年7月,中央领导上了江西避暑胜地庐山。本来开会是想纠正大跃进的浮夸风,结果国防部长彭德怀好心给毛泽东写了封信,说了几句大炼钢铁得不偿失的大实话。毛泽东当场大怒,说部队要是跟彭德怀走,他就上山另外拉队伍打游击。会议转脸变成了揪斗彭德怀的大会,谁也不敢再说真话了。
Peng Dehuai criticises the Leap and is purged. Warning becomes impossible.

Marshal Peng Dehuai, Minister of National Defense, purged at the Lushan Plenum in August 1959 after submitting a private letter to Mao Zedong documenting rural starvation and wind-of-exaggeration abuses.
When Peng wrote to Mao on 14 July 1959 warning of inflated harvest claims and peasant distress, Mao treated the letter as a right-opportunist attack on the General Line, purged Peng and his associates as an "anti-Party clique", and relaunched the Great Leap Forward into its deadliest phase.
事件
017月14日彭德怀呈递私人信件,直言大炼钢铁得不偿失,批评大跃进有狂热病。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及后毛泽东时代》第三版(1999),第13章,第230至233页.
有据02毛泽东在大礼堂向全会开炮,指责彭德怀下战书,声称要把彭德怀反党集团彻底打倒。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及后毛泽东时代》第三版(1999),第13章,第230至233页.
有据03待考证: a source that says this: Politburo colleagues abandoned Peng one by one, joining a chorus of bitter denunciations that branded him a traitorous conspirator.
待考04庐山会议把彭德怀打成反党分子,随后在全国发起反右倾狂潮,把大跃进推向了绝路。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及后毛泽东时代》第三版(1999),第13章,第230至233页.
有据05待考证: a source that says this: Peng Dehuai was stripped of all military offices and placed under virtual house arrest, replaced as Defense Minister by Lin Biao.
待考
亲历
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性质
庐山会议是彻底关死真话大门的一把大锁。一个讲真话的元帅被当场打翻在地,全党上下立刻明白了规矩:谁敢承认老百姓吃不饱饭,谁就是反党分子。为了证明自己忠诚,各省干部像着了魔一样加大马力征粮,活活把本来能救回来的局面,推成了饿死几千万人的无底深渊。
依据
1959年8月庐山全会。彭德怀批评了大跃进,会议却号召重新跃进,重申公社没错,把公社的困难算到“右倾机会主义分子”头上。公共食堂还要恢复。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及后毛泽东时代》第三版(1999),第13章,第230至233页.引述原文:“the Lushan resolution called for the revival of the Great Leap Forward and reaffirmed the validity and viability of the people’s communes”查阅原文 ↗ · 核阅于 9 October 2026 · 收录于 9 October 2026
有据