中国制躁Wade in China

人民公社遍及全国

Date1958
Evidence见载2 sourced facts

1958年秋天,五亿中国农民被卷进了一场集体狂欢。几十个村子硬撮合成一个“人民公社”,地里的庄稼、牛羊、连同老百姓家的铁锅全收归公有。村里封了自家灶台,大人小孩排着队去公共食堂吃大锅饭。大家都觉得共产主义真来了,殊不知把存粮吃光之后,就是大祸临头。

Archive plate 01 / 04
Autumn 1958 · Rural People's Commune
Villagers eating together in a People's Commune public canteen beneath the painted wall slogan "Eating meals costs no money, work hard on production".
People's Commune Collective Mess Hall

Villagers eating together in a People's Commune public canteen beneath the painted wall slogan "Eating meals costs no money, work hard on production".

Following the August 1958 Beidaihe Conference, 740,000 agricultural cooperatives were merged within months into 26,000 giant People's Communes. Private plots and household cooking were abolished in favor of compulsory collective canteens before grain reserves collapsed into famine.

PhotographedAutumn 1958 · Rural People's Commune
Lane & span经济与日常 · 1958
ArchiveHistorical Photograph Archive (PD-China)

事件

  1. 01河南遂平的嵖岈山公社被当成一步登天的样板,报纸天天吹嘘,引得全国各地干部抢着学样。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及其后》(自由出版社,1999),第十三章“人民公社与‘向共产主义过渡’,1958-1960”.

    见载
  2. 02待考证: a source that says this: Communal mess halls were established across villages, offering free food to demonstrate that the distribution according to need had begun.

    待考
  3. 03庄稼汉被编成连排方阵下地干活,砸了铁锅封了灶眼,谁在家里做饭就算走资本主义道路。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及其后》(自由出版社,1999),第十三章“人民公社与‘向共产主义过渡’,1958-1960”.

    见载
  4. 04待考证: a source that says this: Private farm plots, pigs, chickens, and fruit trees were confiscated into collective ownership without compensation.

    待考
  5. 051958年秋天全国办起了两万六千多座人民公社,基层干部把老百姓的口粮和人身自由死死抓在手里。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及其后》(自由出版社,1999),第十三章“人民公社与‘向共产主义过渡’,1958-1960”.

    见载

亲历

这件事落到每个人头上,是什么样子:听他们自己说,或看留下的记录。

这件事还没找到一位亲历者的记述。每件事都会有。

性质

判断

人民公社其实是把军队那一套硬搬到庄稼地里。自留地没了,铁锅砸了,存粮在食堂里胡吃海喝造了个精光。农民失去了抵御灾荒的一切底牌,连出去要饭都被民兵当成逃兵拦在村里。把饭碗全交给大队支书,挨饿等死就成了躲不掉的宿命。

依据

1958年秋天全国农村被合并改组成两万六千个人民公社,把基层政权与集体劳动绑在了一块。出处: 莫里斯·迈斯纳 Maurice Meisner, 《毛泽东的中国及其后》(自由出版社,1999),第十三章“人民公社与‘向共产主义过渡’,1958-1960”. 章级引注,页码待核。查阅原文 ↗ · 核阅于 9 October 2026 · 收录于 10 October 2026

见载

到1958年秋天,几亿农民编进两万六千个人民公社。自留地取消了,办起了公共食堂。出处: 魏瀚 Felix Wemheuer, 《毛时代中国的社会史》,第4章“大跃进到大饥荒(1958至1961)”. 章级引注,页码待核。查阅原文 ↗ · 核阅于 8 October 2026 · 收录于 8 October 2026

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